Kruger National Park
A practical, scroll-friendly guide to wildlife, birds, and signature plants — plus a road map to help you plan your self-drive.
▶ Table of contents
Quick facts
Seasons & month planner
Choose your travel month
Kruger is excellent year-round. Dry months concentrate wildlife near water and improve visibility; green months bring baby animals, birds, and dramatic skies (with afternoon storms).
Kruger regions cheat sheet
Use this to match your base camp to your priorities (game density, landscapes, quieter drives, birding).
High game density and lots of road options; also the busiest part of the park.
More open plains feel; strong lion sightings and big herbivore herds.
Mopane woodlands and big skies; excellent for elephants and relaxed drives.
River forests and baobabs; standout birding and a very different feel.
Map (key gates & camps)




























25 Common Animals (non-birds)
African bush elephant
Kruger’s heavyweight icon — often seen at rivers, dams, and along woodland roads.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Huge grey body, trunk, tusks; family groups with calves.
- Male vs female: Males are larger with thicker heads and (often) bigger tusks; females smaller, in family groups.
- What it eats: Browsers and grazers: leaves, bark, grasses; needs frequent water.
- Where to find it: Most regions; especially near waterholes and river roads
- Unique: Adults can reshape habitats by pushing over trees and opening woodland.
Lion
The classic Kruger predator — often seen resting near roads in cooler hours.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large cat; pride structure; males may have manes.
- Male vs female: Males larger; many have manes (size varies). Females are sleeker and do most hunting.
- What it eats: Carnivore: antelope, zebra, wildebeest; scavenges too.
- Where to find it: Best in South and Central; look near open areas and around prey concentrations
- Unique: Often active at dawn/dusk; midday sightings are commonly resting lions.
Leopard
Elusive and elegant — one of the most prized sightings in Kruger.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Rosette coat; long tail; often in trees or dense shade.
- Male vs female: Males larger with broader heads; females smaller and more agile.
- What it eats: Carnivore: impala, smaller antelope, birds; often hoists prey into trees.
- Where to find it: Riverine thickets and wooded areas; South is often productive
- Unique: Usually solitary; look for alarm calls from baboons and birds.
White rhinoceros
Kruger is one of the key strongholds for rhino — sightings are possible, especially in the South.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large, grey; two horns; wide square mouth when grazing.
- Male vs female: Males often larger with thicker necks; females slightly smaller.
- What it eats: Grazers: short grasses; wide, square lip.
- Where to find it: Mostly South and Central; open savanna and near water
- Unique: Often tolerant of vehicles; keep respectful distance.
Black rhinoceros
Rarer than white rhino — a special sighting if you find one.
▶ More info
- How to identify: More compact than white rhino; hooked lip; often browsing shrubs.
- Male vs female: Males generally larger; females smaller.
- What it eats: Browsers: leaves and shoots; hooked (pointed) upper lip.
- Where to find it: Localized; more often in thicker bush and certain southern areas
- Unique: Prefers browsing habitat; can be more nervous than white rhino.
African buffalo
Powerful herd animal — often seen in big groups near water.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Dark heavy body; sweeping horns; big herds with calves.
- Male vs female: Males heavier with larger horn boss; females smaller boss.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses; needs regular water.
- Where to find it: All regions; frequently near rivers and grazing plains
- Unique: Strong herd defense; give them plenty of space.
Hippopotamus
Daytime river resident; at night it grazes on nearby grass.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Huge barrel body; nostrils/eyes above water; yawning displays.
- Male vs female: Males are larger with broader heads; females smaller.
- What it eats: Grazers (mostly at night): short grass.
- Where to find it: Rivers and dams (Sabie, Crocodile, Olifants, Letaba, etc.)
- Unique: One of Africa’s most dangerous animals — never approach on foot.
Nile crocodile
Ancient-looking ambush predator — easiest to see sunning on river banks.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Armored body; long snout; often motionless at water edge.
- Male vs female: Males generally larger; females smaller.
- What it eats: Fish, birds, mammals; opportunistic.
- Where to find it: Rivers and dams, especially in warmer months
- Unique: Thermoregulates by basking; watch riverbanks on sunny mornings.
Giraffe
Tall browser that loves acacia woodlands — a favorite for photos.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Very long neck and legs; patchy coat; ossicones on head.
- Male vs female: Males larger with thicker ossicones; females slimmer.
- What it eats: Browsers: leaves (often acacias), shoots.
- Where to find it: Woodland and savanna, especially South and Central
- Unique: Uses a long, dark tongue to strip thorny branches.
Plains zebra
Often found in open areas and around water — strong ‘savanna vibe’ species.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Black-and-white stripes; groups with alert posture.
- Male vs female: Males slightly bulkier; females slightly smaller.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses; often feed in open areas.
- Where to find it: Open savanna, especially South and Central
- Unique: Stripe patterns are unique to each individual.
Impala
The everyday antelope of Kruger — and a key prey species for big cats.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Reddish-tan coat; black tail stripes; males with curved horns.
- Male vs female: Males have lyre-shaped horns; females are hornless.
- What it eats: Mixed feeder: grasses and browse depending on season.
- Where to find it: Most regions; especially South and riverine edges
- Unique: Can leap high and far to evade predators.
Greater kudu
Spiral-horned browser that melts into woodland shade.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Vertical white stripes; large ears; males with spiral horns.
- Male vs female: Males larger with long spiraled horns; females smaller and hornless.
- What it eats: Browsers: leaves, shoots, pods.
- Where to find it: Woodlands and thickets, especially South and Central
- Unique: Often seen early/late; listen for their sharp alarm bark.
Blue wildebeest
Chunky grazer seen in herds — especially in more open central areas.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Sloping back, beard, curved horns; herds in open grass.
- Male vs female: Males heavier; females slightly smaller.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses; often near water.
- Where to find it: Open savanna and plains, especially Central
- Unique: Often associates with zebra for predator detection.
Common warthog
Comic-looking pig with tusks — often seen kneeling to graze.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Stocky body; facial warts; tail held upright when running.
- Male vs female: Males larger with bigger tusks and facial ‘warts’.
- What it eats: Grazers/rooters: short grass, bulbs, roots.
- Where to find it: Open areas and along roads; around camps too
- Unique: Uses burrows (often aardvark holes) for shelter.
Spotted hyena
Powerful hunter and scavenger — often seen at dusk and around kills.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Sloping back; spotted coat; strong jaws; loping gait.
- Male vs female: Females are larger and dominant; males smaller.
- What it eats: Carnivore/scavenger: antelope, carrion.
- Where to find it: Widespread; frequently in South and Central
- Unique: Highly social clans with complex communication.
Cheetah
Speed specialist — look for it in more open areas (especially Central).
▶ More info
- How to identify: Slim build; black ‘tear lines’ on face; long tail.
- Male vs female: Males may form coalitions; females usually solitary with cubs.
- What it eats: Carnivore: small to medium antelope (often impala).
- Where to find it: Open plains and lightly wooded savanna; Central often best
- Unique: Daytime hunter; prefers visibility over thick bush.
African wild dog
Rare, highly social hunter — a ‘drop everything’ sighting.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Mottled coat; large rounded ears; fast-moving pack.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar; packs have a dominant breeding pair.
- What it eats: Carnivore: cooperative pack hunter.
- Where to find it: Wide-ranging; sightings can happen anywhere but are unpredictable
- Unique: Hunting success rate is often higher than big cats.
Sable antelope
Striking antelope with arched horns — more likely in the North.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Bold face markings; long arched horns; sturdy build.
- Male vs female: Males darker (often black) with heavier horns; females browner and slightly smaller.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses.
- Where to find it: Northern and central-north areas; woodland edges
- Unique: Known for strong defense; can stand its ground.
Waterbuck
Shaggy antelope often close to water — easy to recognize by its rump ring.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Shaggy coat; white ring on rump; males with ridged horns.
- Male vs female: Males larger with horns; females smaller and hornless.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses.
- Where to find it: Riverine grass and dams across the park
- Unique: Stays near water and can swim well.
Tsessebe
Fast antelope of open savanna — a less common but special sighting.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Sleek build; slightly sloped back; short, ringed horns.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar; males a bit heavier.
- What it eats: Grazers: grasses.
- Where to find it: Localized, more often in certain northern/central open areas
- Unique: One of the fastest antelopes in sustained running.
Nyala
Shy antelope of dense thickets — often near rivers in the South.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Vertical stripes; males with shaggy mane and spiral horns.
- Male vs female: Males larger with spiral horns and darker coat; females smaller and hornless.
- What it eats: Browsers: leaves and shoots.
- Where to find it: Riverine thickets and dense bush, especially southern Kruger
- Unique: Prefers cover; best spotted early morning.
African bushbuck
Secretive antelope that hugs thick cover near water.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Brown coat with white spots/stripes; often alone in shade.
- Male vs female: Males slightly larger; males have short horns; females usually hornless.
- What it eats: Browsers: leaves, shoots, herbs.
- Where to find it: Riverine bush and thickets throughout
- Unique: Often surprisingly close to camps and river roads.
Steenbok
Small antelope often seen alone — quick and alert.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Small size; reddish coat; large ears; solitary.
- Male vs female: Males have short straight horns; females are hornless.
- What it eats: Browsers: herbs, leaves; can survive with little free water.
- Where to find it: Open bushveld; more often spotted when you drive slowly
- Unique: Freezes then darts; easy to miss at speed.
Vervet monkey
Clever camp regular — fun to watch, but keep food secured.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Grey fur; black face; long tail; active groups.
- Male vs female: Males larger; bright coloration visible up close.
- What it eats: Omnivore: fruits, seeds, insects; opportunistic around humans.
- Where to find it: Woodlands, camps, picnic sites
- Unique: Very intelligent foragers — don’t feed them.
Chacma baboon
Large primate often seen roadside and at picnic spots.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Dog-like muzzle; big troops; confident posture.
- Male vs female: Males much larger with big canines; females smaller.
- What it eats: Omnivore: fruits, roots, insects, small animals; very opportunistic.
- Where to find it: Throughout; especially near camps and riverine areas
- Unique: Alarm calls can signal nearby predators (including leopards).
Top 10 Birds
Lilac-breasted roller
One of the most photogenic safari birds — often perches on roadside branches.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Bright lilac breast, turquoise wings, chestnut back.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar.
- What it eats: Insects and small reptiles.
- Where to find it: Open woodland and savanna throughout the park
- Unique: Performs acrobatic ‘rolling’ display flights.
African fish eagle
Iconic call of African waterways — watch for it above rivers and dams.
▶ More info
- How to identify: White head and chest; dark body; yellow beak.
- Male vs female: Females larger than males.
- What it eats: Fish, waterbirds, carrion.
- Where to find it: Major rivers and dams
- Unique: Often steals fish from other birds.
Southern ground hornbill
Massive terrestrial hornbill that walks the savanna in family groups.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Huge black bird; red facial skin; deep booming call.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar; females often show blue on throat.
- What it eats: Insects, small reptiles, small mammals.
- Where to find it: Open savanna, especially in quieter areas
- Unique: Long-lived and slow-breeding — a conservation priority.
Saddle-billed stork
Striking stork with bold bill colors — a prized river sighting.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Very tall; black-and-white body; red/black/yellow bill.
- Male vs female: Females have yellow eyes; males often have dark eyes.
- What it eats: Fish, frogs, small aquatic animals.
- Where to find it: Rivers, pans, and dams
- Unique: Often seen standing motionless, then striking quickly.
Bateleur
Short-tailed eagle with rocking flight — an excellent Kruger raptor.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Short tail; black body; chestnut shoulders; dramatic rocking flight.
- Male vs female: Females slightly larger; plumage similar.
- What it eats: Carrion and small animals.
- Where to find it: Woodlands and open areas throughout
- Unique: Often among the first raptors at carcasses.
Martial eagle
Africa’s powerhouse eagle — look for it perched high with huge wingspan.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large eagle; pale underside with spots; strong beak.
- Male vs female: Females larger.
- What it eats: Medium mammals and birds.
- Where to find it: Open woodland and savanna
- Unique: Can take surprisingly large prey.
Secretarybird
Long-legged hunter that walks the grasslands — famous for snake hunting.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Very long legs; crest feathers; walks rather than flies.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar.
- What it eats: Snakes, lizards, insects, small mammals.
- Where to find it: Open grassland and savanna
- Unique: Kills prey with powerful stomping kicks.
Southern yellow-billed hornbill
Cheerful ‘camp bird’ with a bright bill and curious behavior.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Long yellow bill; black-and-white pattern; hops on ground.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar.
- What it eats: Insects, fruit, small animals.
- Where to find it: Woodlands and camps
- Unique: Often forages around camps — don’t feed it.
Giant kingfisher
Large kingfisher that patrols rivers — watch for it diving for fish.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Big black-and-white kingfisher; loud calls near water.
- Male vs female: Females have a chestnut band; males have a clean white chest.
- What it eats: Fish, crabs, aquatic prey.
- Where to find it: Rivers and dams
- Unique: Often perches low over water before diving.
Southern carmine bee-eater
Vivid pink-red bee-eater; seasonal and location-dependent but unforgettable.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Bright carmine body; turquoise head; often in groups.
- Male vs female: Males and females similar.
- What it eats: Flying insects (especially bees/wasps).
- Where to find it: Sandy riverbanks in warmer months
- Unique: Nests in tunnels on sandy riverbanks.
Top 10 Trees & Signature Plants
Marula
Famous Lowveld tree with vitamin-rich fruit — elephants and many animals love it.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Grey bark; spreading crown; yellow fruits in season.
- Male vs female: Male and female trees separate (only females fruit).
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Woodland savanna, especially South and Central
- Unique: Key food source; fruit ferments quickly on the ground.
Mopane
Signature northern Kruger tree — butterfly-shaped leaves and mopane woodland landscapes.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Distinctive ‘butterfly’ leaf; often forms extensive woodlands.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: North and central-north
- Unique: Supports mopane worms (caterpillars), important in local ecology.
Baobab
Legendary ‘upside-down’ tree — most common in the far north.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Massive swollen trunk; sparse branches; iconic silhouette.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Far North (Pafuri and surrounding areas)
- Unique: Stores water in its trunk; can live for centuries.
Knobthorn
Classic thorn tree of Kruger savannas; important browse for many animals.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Dark, rough bark with ‘knobs’; paired thorns.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Savanna woodland, especially Central
- Unique: Provides shade and browse; birds often perch high on crowns.
Leadwood
Heavy, dense-wood tree often seen as grey ‘skeletons’ when dead.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Pale-grey bark; dense branching; dead trees remain standing for years.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Dry savanna and river edges
- Unique: Wood is extremely dense; dead trunks persist and become wildlife habitat.
Sausage tree
Known for big ‘sausage’ fruits hanging from long stalks.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large hanging fruits; purple-red flowers (seasonal).
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Riverine areas and damp ground
- Unique: Fruits are heavy; don’t stand under them during fruiting.
Fever tree
Bright yellow-green bark makes it easy to spot along rivers and pans.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Smooth yellow-green bark; thorns; often near water.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Wet areas and river edges
- Unique: The luminous bark stands out in late afternoon light.
Sycamore fig
Large riverine fig that attracts birds and mammals when fruiting.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Broad crown; fig fruits; often huge trunks near water.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Along major rivers
- Unique: Figs are a crucial food source during dry periods.
Red bushwillow
Common Kruger tree with reddish leaves in dry season.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Often shows red/orange tones; small clustered leaves.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Woodlands throughout
- Unique: Color shift can make landscapes look fiery in late dry season.
Tamboti
Riverine/woodland tree with a distinctive scent — common along some southern rivers.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Dark bark; pleasant resin-like scent when scratched.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Southern riverine woodland
- Unique: Often found along productive river roads.
Top 10 Flowers & Bushes
Impala lily
Showy pink flowers in warmer months; a classic Lowveld sight.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Swollen base; pink trumpet flowers; often leafless when flowering.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Rocky and sandy areas, especially in the South
- Unique: Stores water; milky sap is toxic — don’t touch or break branches.
Marloth’s aloe
Tall aloe with dramatic flower spikes; best known from northern Kruger landscapes.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large rosette of spiny leaves; tall flower spikes (seasonal).
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Rocky slopes and dry savanna, often North/Far North
- Unique: Attracts sunbirds and insects when in bloom.
Fireball lily
Red spherical flower head that appears after rains.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Round ‘pom-pom’ bloom on a single stalk.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Shaded woodland and riverine edges after good rains
- Unique: A standout macro/photo plant when it appears.
Giant toad plant
Star-shaped flower with dramatic patterning — smells to attract pollinators.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large star-shaped bloom; fleshy stems.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Dry rocky areas and scrub
- Unique: Uses scent to attract flies for pollination.
Wild dagga
Orange flower whorls that attract birds and insects.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Tall stems with orange ‘pom-pom’ flower rings.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Bushveld edges and disturbed ground
- Unique: Popular with sunbirds when flowering.
Porcupine flower
Yellow/orange flowers on a thorny shrub — common in warm savanna regions.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Spiny shrub; bright flowers; often at edges.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Bushveld and thickets
- Unique: Hardy plant that blooms after rains.
Candelabra tree
Tree-like succulent with candelabra shape — striking in rocky areas.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Upright branching ‘candelabra’ silhouette.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Rocky ridges and dry woodland
- Unique: Milky latex is irritating/toxic — avoid contact.
Wild hibiscus (group)
Showy hibiscus-like blooms appear in warmer months, especially after rains.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Large petals; hibiscus shape; highly seasonal.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Edges, drainage lines, and disturbed ground
- Unique: Attracts pollinators; great for close-up photos.
Snake plant
Tough, upright leaves — common hardy plant in warm regions.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Stiff upright leaves with banded pattern.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Woodland shade and sandy soils
- Unique: Very drought tolerant; survives harsh conditions.
Acacia flower (group)
Puffy yellow/cream blooms attract insects and birds.
▶ More info
- How to identify: Ball-like flower clusters on thorn trees.
- Male vs female: —
- What it eats: —
- Where to find it: Savanna woodland
- Unique: A key nectar source during bloom periods.
Things to do
Guided bush walk
Kruger is primarily a self-drive and guided-drive park. Walking is only allowed on official guided bush walks (rules vary by camp and operator).
Accommodation
Options range from SANParks rest camps and campsites to private lodges (inside or on the borders). Where you stay matters: the South has dense wildlife and many roads, while Satara (Central) is famous for predators and open-country sightings.
- South (Skukuza/Lower Sabie): dense game + lots of road options
- Central (Satara): open-country feel; strong lion potential
- North/Far North: quieter drives; standout birding and baobabs
Food & picnic sites
Picnic stops are a great way to save money and time on full-day drives. Pack a refillable water bottle and keep food secured—baboons and birds are experts at opportunistic snacking.
The Big Five (Kruger)
Kruger is one of Africa’s best Big Five parks for self-drive: lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo, and both rhino species occur in the park. Sightings are never guaranteed, but your odds are strong—especially in the South and Central regions.
FAQ
Best time to visit Kruger?
Dry season (roughly May–September) is usually easiest for wildlife viewing and self-drive conditions. Green season (roughly November–March) is lush and excellent for birds—expect afternoon storms and warmer nights.
Which area should I base myself in?
For a first trip, pick 1–2 bases in the South (Skukuza or Lower Sabie) and add Satara (Central) if you want more open-country driving. If you have extra time, add the North/Far North for quieter roads and birding.
Is Kruger a malaria area?
Yes—Kruger lies in a malaria-risk zone. Risk varies by season and location, so check current medical advice before travel and use mosquito precautions (repellent, long sleeves at dusk, and accommodation with screens).
Share in the comments where to find which animals!


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